{"id":3221,"date":"2023-02-10T08:56:09","date_gmt":"2023-02-10T07:56:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.iuravasconiae.eus\/voz\/iparragirre-balerdi-jose-maria-425-eu\/"},"modified":"2023-02-10T08:56:09","modified_gmt":"2023-02-10T07:56:09","slug":"iparragirre-balerdi-jose-maria-425-eu","status":"publish","type":"iv_voz","link":"https:\/\/www.iuravasconiae.eus\/eu\/voz\/iparragirre-balerdi-jose-maria-425-eu\/","title":{"rendered":"IPARRAGIRRE BALERDI, Jose Maria (Jose Maria de Iparraguirre) (Urretxu, Gipuzkoa, 1820ko abuztuaren 12a \u2013 Ezkio, 1881eko apirilaren 6a)."},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

Jose <\/span>Maria <\/span>Iparragirre <\/span>1820ko <\/span>abuztuaren <\/span>12an <\/span>jaio <\/span>zen <\/span>Urretxun. <\/span>Bost urte<\/span> <\/span>zituela,<\/span> <\/span>Idiazabalera<\/span> <\/span>bidali<\/span> <\/span>zuten,<\/span> <\/span>osaba<\/span> <\/span>Jose<\/span> <\/span>Antonio<\/span> <\/span>Iparragirre<\/span> <\/span>eskola-
\n<\/span>maisuaren<\/span> <\/span>etxera<\/span> <\/span>eta<\/span> <\/span>harekin<\/span> <\/span>hasi<\/span> <\/span>zen<\/span> <\/span>ikasten.<\/span> <\/span>1832an,<\/span> <\/span>latina<\/span> <\/span>ikasten<\/span> <\/span>hasi<\/span> <\/span>zen <\/span>Gasteizko Campillo ikastetxean, mutikoaren familia
\nhiri hartara joan baitzen <\/span>bizitzera.<\/span> <\/span>Hurrengo<\/span> <\/span>urtean,<\/span> <\/span>Madrilgo<\/span> <\/span>San<\/span> <\/span>Isidro<\/span> <\/span>eskola<\/span> <\/span>jesuitan<\/span> <\/span>sartu<\/span> <\/span>zen.<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

Ikasteari<\/span> <\/span>utzi<\/span> <\/span>zion,<\/span> <\/span>1834ko<\/span> <\/span>uztailaren<\/span> <\/span>17ko<\/span> <\/span>fraide<\/span> <\/span>hilketaren<\/span> <\/span>ondorioz,<\/span> <\/span>haren<\/span> <\/span>latinezko<\/span> <\/span>maisua<\/span> <\/span>erail<\/span> <\/span>baitzuten.<\/span> <\/span>Euskal<\/span> <\/span>Herrira<\/span> <\/span>itzuli<\/span> <\/span>eta<\/span> <\/span>karlisten<\/span> <\/span>arma<\/span>dako <\/span>Iturriza <\/span>batailoian <\/span>sartu <\/span>zen <\/span>boluntario. <\/span>Geroago, <\/span>Gipuzkoako <\/span>Lehen Batailoian<\/span> <\/span>sartu<\/span> <\/span>eta<\/span> <\/span>Arrigorriagako<\/span> <\/span>guduan<\/span> <\/span>zauritu<\/span> <\/span>zuten,<\/span> <\/span>1834ko<\/span> <\/span>abenduan.
\nHainbat<\/span> <\/span>gorabeheraren<\/span> <\/span>ondotik,<\/span> <\/span>Don<\/span> <\/span>Karlosen<\/span> <\/span>Ohorezko<\/span> <\/span>Guardian<\/span> <\/span>sartu<\/span> <\/span>zen, <\/span>1836tik <\/span>gerra
\n<\/span>bukatu <\/span>arte.<\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

Ez<\/span> <\/span>zuen<\/span> <\/span>Bergarako<\/span> <\/span>Hitzarmena<\/span> <\/span>onartu,<\/span> <\/span>Frantziara<\/span> <\/span>jo<\/span> <\/span>eta<\/span> <\/span>musika-ikaske<\/span>tak<\/span> <\/span>bururaino<\/span> <\/span>eraman<\/span> <\/span>zituen<\/span> <\/span>Lille<\/span> <\/span>eta<\/span> <\/span>Paris<\/span> <\/span>artean,<\/span> <\/span>bizitza<\/span> <\/span>bohemioari<\/span> <\/span>hasiera <\/span>emanda.<\/span> <\/span>Tertulia<\/span> <\/span>eta<\/span> <\/span>bilera<\/span> <\/span>musikaletan<\/span> <\/span>parte<\/span> <\/span>hartu<\/span> <\/span>zuen<\/span> <\/span>bai<\/span> <\/span>Parisen,<\/span> <\/span>bai<\/span> <\/span>Lyo<\/span>nen,<\/span> <\/span>bai<\/span> <\/span>eta<\/span> <\/span>Suitzako<\/span> <\/span>nahiz<\/span> <\/span>Italiako<\/span> <\/span>bainuetxeetan<\/span> <\/span>ere,<\/span> <\/span>kantari<\/span> <\/span>eta<\/span> <\/span>gitarra-jo<\/span>tzaile<\/span> <\/span>arituta.<\/span> <\/span>Parisera<\/span> <\/span>atzera<\/span> <\/span>joan<\/span> <\/span>eta<\/span> <\/span>1848ko<\/span> <\/span>Iraultza<\/span> <\/span>Liberalean<\/span> <\/span>esku<\/span> <\/span>hartu\u00a0<\/span>zuen. <\/span>Iraultza
\n<\/span>horren <\/span>hatsa <\/span>Iparragirreren <\/span>obraren <\/span>bidelaguna <\/span>izan <\/span>zen <\/span>hil arte
\n<\/span>eta <\/span>bere <\/span>itxuran
\n<\/span>ere <\/span>izan <\/span>zuen <\/span>eragina, <\/span>ile <\/span>luzeak <\/span>eta <\/span>bizarra <\/span>eramanda. Handik<\/span> <\/span>hiru<\/span> <\/span>urtera,<\/span> <\/span>Frantziatik<\/span> <\/span>kanporatu<\/span> <\/span>zuten,<\/span> <\/span>Toulousen<\/span> <\/span><\/span>Marseillarra<\/span><\/i> <\/span><\/i>kantatuz<\/span> <\/span>jendea<\/span> <\/span>berotu<\/span> <\/span>zuelako.<\/span> <\/span>Londresen<\/span> <\/span>erbesteratu<\/span> <\/span>eta,<\/span> <\/span>han,<\/span> <\/span>Euskal<\/span> <\/span>Herrira <\/span>itzultzeko
\npaperak lortu zituen.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

Garai<\/span> <\/span>hartan,<\/span> <\/span>1852an,<\/span> <\/span>bere<\/span> <\/span>lanik<\/span> <\/span>garrantzitsuena<\/span> <\/span>sortu<\/span> <\/span>zuen,<\/span> <\/span>Gernikako<\/span><\/i> <\/span><\/i>ar<\/span><\/i>bola<\/span><\/i>.<\/span> <\/span>Erromeria<\/span> <\/span>jendetsu<\/span> <\/span>baino<\/span> <\/span>jendetsuagoetan<\/span> <\/span>abestearen<\/span> <\/span>ondorioz<\/span> <\/span>(esaten
\n<\/span>denez,<\/span> <\/span>inoiz<\/span> <\/span>edo<\/span> <\/span>6.000<\/span> <\/span>lagunen<\/span> <\/span>aurrean),<\/span> <\/span>berriz<\/span> <\/span>ere<\/span> <\/span>Euskal<\/span> <\/span>Herritik<\/span> <\/span>desterratu
\n<\/span>zuten, <\/span>agintari <\/span>militarren <\/span>aginduz.<\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

Handik<\/span> <\/span>bi<\/span> <\/span>urtera,<\/span> <\/span>itzuli<\/span> <\/span>eta<\/span> <\/span>musikaren<\/span> <\/span>bidean<\/span> <\/span>jarraitu<\/span> <\/span>zuen<\/span> <\/span>hala<\/span> <\/span>antzoki, <\/span>tertulia <\/span>eta <\/span>kafetegietan, <\/span>nola <\/span>jai <\/span>eta <\/span>erromerietan.<\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

1858ean<\/span> <\/span>Buenos<\/span> <\/span>Airesera<\/span> <\/span>emigratu,<\/span> <\/span>musikari<\/span> <\/span>gisa<\/span> <\/span>porrot<\/span> <\/span>egin<\/span> <\/span>eta,<\/span> <\/span>Angela <\/span>Kerexetarekin <\/span>ezkondu
\n<\/span>ondoren, <\/span>Uruguai <\/span>mugakidean <\/span>kokatu <\/span>zen. <\/span>Bertan, hogei<\/span> <\/span>urtean<\/span> <\/span>artzaintzatik<\/span> <\/span>nekez<\/span> <\/span>bizi<\/span> <\/span>eta<\/span> <\/span>zortzi<\/span> <\/span>seme-alaba<\/span> <\/span>izan<\/span> <\/span>zituen.<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

Foruak<\/span> <\/span>indargabetzeko<\/span> <\/span>1876ko<\/span> <\/span>legearen<\/span> <\/span>ondoren,<\/span> <\/span>haren<\/span> <\/span>zortzikoa<\/span> <\/span>aldarrikapenerako<\/span> <\/span>ereserki<\/span> <\/span>bihurtu<\/span> <\/span>eta,<\/span> <\/span>horren<\/span> <\/span>ondorioz,<\/span> <\/span>agintariek<\/span> <\/span>egilearen<\/span> <\/span>bila<\/span> <\/span>jo zuten,<\/span> <\/span>jende<\/span> <\/span>askok<\/span> <\/span>hildakotzat<\/span> <\/span>jotzen<\/span> <\/span>bazuten<\/span> <\/span>ere.<\/span> <\/span>Uruguaiko<\/span> <\/span>landa-eremuan
\n<\/span>bizi <\/span>zela <\/span>jakinik,
\n<\/span>Rio <\/span>de <\/span>la <\/span>Platako <\/span>euskaldunek <\/span>diru-eskeak <\/span>Euskal <\/span>Herrira itzultzeko<\/span> <\/span>aukera<\/span> <\/span>eman<\/span> <\/span>zion,<\/span> <\/span>1877an,<\/span> <\/span>familia<\/span> <\/span>ugaria<\/span> <\/span>errepublika<\/span> <\/span>hegoameri<\/span>karrean utzita.<\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

Itzuli<\/span> <\/span>zenean,<\/span> <\/span>han-hemenka<\/span> <\/span>omendu<\/span> <\/span>zuten,<\/span> <\/span>eta<\/span> <\/span>omenaldiak,<\/span> <\/span>hain<\/span> <\/span>zuzen, <\/span>foruak aldarrikatzeko ekitaldi bihurtu ohi
\nziren. Abestiak konposatzen jarraitu zuen,
\nhaietako asko foru sistema berrezartzearen, erlijioaren eta euskararen<\/span> <\/span>aldekoak.<\/span> <\/span>Bizitzaren<\/span> <\/span>bukaeran<\/span> <\/span>pentsio<\/span> <\/span>xume<\/span> <\/span>bat<\/span> <\/span>lortu<\/span> <\/span>bazuen<\/span> <\/span>ere<\/span> <\/span>euskal
\ndiputazioetatik, bakardadean hil zen Itsasoko baserri batean, 1881eko apirila<\/span>ren
\n6an.<\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

Iparragirre poeta erromantikoa izan zen, maitasun kantu
\naskoren egilea<\/span> <\/span>eta,<\/span> <\/span>bardo<\/span> <\/span>bohemio<\/span> <\/span>gisa,<\/span> <\/span>hainbat<\/span> <\/span>abesti<\/span> <\/span>satiriko<\/span> <\/span>ondu<\/span> <\/span>zituen.<\/span> <\/span>Haren<\/span> <\/span>lanik <\/span>aldarrikatzaileen <\/span>eta <\/span>politikoena <\/span>nabarmendu <\/span>beharra <\/span>dago. <\/span>Sorkuntza
\n<\/span>aro hura<\/span> <\/span>1852<\/span> <\/span>inguruan<\/span> <\/span>hasi<\/span> <\/span>zen,<\/span> <\/span><\/span>Gernikako arbola <\/span><\/i>konposatu<\/span> <\/span>zuenean.<\/span> <\/span>Abesti<\/span> <\/span>horrek<\/span> <\/span>Iparragirreren<\/span> <\/span>ezaugarri<\/span> <\/span>nagusiak<\/span> <\/span>biltzen<\/span> <\/span>ditu.<\/span> <\/span>Batetik,<\/span> <\/span>zuhaitzaren<\/span> <\/span>irudia<\/span> <\/span>bera,<\/span> <\/span>hots,<\/span> <\/span>euskaldunen<\/span> <\/span>arteko<\/span> <\/span>senidetasuna<\/span> <\/span>irudikatzeaz<\/span> <\/span>gain,<\/span> <\/span>1848ko
\n<\/span>iraultzaileen <\/span>askatasunaren <\/span>zuhaitza
\n<\/span>ekartzen <\/span>du <\/span>gogora <\/span>eta <\/span>Foruen <\/span>ikurra
\nda.<\/span>
\n<\/span>Bestetik,<\/span> <\/span>erlijioaren,<\/span> <\/span>Foruen<\/span> <\/span>eta<\/span> <\/span>bakearen<\/span> <\/span>defentsa.<\/span> <\/span>Kantua<\/span> <\/span>zabal<\/span> <\/span>hedatu <\/span>eta<\/span> <\/span>ereserki<\/span>
\n<\/span>bihurtu<\/span> <\/span>zen<\/span> <\/span>euskaldunentzat;<\/span> <\/span>batez<\/span> <\/span>ere,<\/span> <\/span>1876an<\/span> <\/span>Foruak<\/span> <\/span>indarga<\/span>betu zituztenetik aurrera.<\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

Itzuli <\/span>zenean,
\n<\/span>intelektual <\/span>foruzaleak <\/span>buru-belarri <\/span>aritu <\/span>ziren <\/span>\u00abeuskal
\n<\/span>askatasunen kantari ospetsu\u00bbaren
\ndohainak goresten, Jose Manterolak esan be<\/span>zala.<\/span> <\/span>Antzera<\/span>
\n<\/span>mintzatu<\/span> <\/span>ziren<\/span> <\/span>hartaz<\/span> <\/span>Fermin<\/span> <\/span>Herran,<\/span> <\/span>Juan<\/span> <\/span>Ma\u00f1e<\/span> <\/span>eta<\/span> <\/span>Flaquer,
\nRicardo<\/span> <\/span>Becerro<\/span> <\/span>de<\/span> <\/span>Bengoa,<\/span> <\/span>Pedro<\/span> <\/span>de<\/span> <\/span>Ega\u00f1a,<\/span> <\/span>Juan<\/span> <\/span>Iturralde<\/span>
\n<\/span>y<\/span> <\/span>Suit<\/span> <\/span>edo<\/span> <\/span>Anto<\/span>nio <\/span>Trueba,
\n<\/span>besteak <\/span>beste.<\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

Abestiaren <\/span>eduki <\/span>sinboliko <\/span>handiaren
\n<\/span>erakusgarri, <\/span>hortxe <\/span>dago <\/span>1893ko
\nabuztuan <\/span>Donostian <\/span>gertaturiko <\/span>iskanbila. <\/span>Izan <\/span>ere, <\/span>Gamazadaren <\/span>ondoko\u00a0<\/span>giro <\/span>foruzalean, <\/span>musika-bandak <\/span>ez <\/span>zuen <\/span><\/span>Gernikako arbola <\/span><\/i>jo <\/span>nahi <\/span>izan, <\/span>publikoaren<\/span> <\/span>sektore<\/span> <\/span>zabal<\/span> <\/span>baten<\/span> <\/span>eskaerari<\/span> <\/span>uko<\/span> <\/span>eginez.<\/span> <\/span>Ondorioz,<\/span> <\/span>jendeak<\/span> <\/span>Londres
\n<\/span>Hotelari <\/span>egin <\/span>zion <\/span>eraso, <\/span>han <\/span>Mateo <\/span>Sagasta
\n<\/span>gobernuburua <\/span>ostatu <\/span>harturik baitzegoen. <\/span>Guardia
\n<\/span>zibilaren <\/span>oldarraldiak <\/span>hiru <\/span>hildako <\/span>eragin <\/span>zituen <\/span>manifestarien<\/span> <\/span>artean.<\/span> <\/span>Hiru<\/span> <\/span>gunez<\/span> <\/span>manifestazioak<\/span> <\/span>egin<\/span> <\/span>ziren,<\/span> <\/span>eta<\/span> <\/span>herri<\/span> <\/span>batzorde<\/span> <\/span>bat <\/span>ordena publikoaz arduratu eta guardia zibilak alde
\negin zuenean bukatu ziren <\/span>istiluak. Gau hartan, <\/span>Gernikako arbola <\/span><\/i>abestu zen Bulebarrean, jende guztia zutik eta buru-has.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Haren obraren ezaugarri nabarmenetako bat da ia dena
\neuskaraz idatzi zuela. Horren haritik, hizkuntzaren aldarrikapena ere etengabe
\nagertu zen haren lan poetikoan: \u00abArren, ez bada galdu euskera, \/ nere anaia
\nmaiteak! \/ Galtzen badegu\u2026galduak gera \/ gu eta gure semeak. \/ Beti euskeraz
\nitz egin, bada, \/ oro zaar ta gazteak, \/ esan ez dedin denok gerala \/ euskaldun
\nbiotz ga- beak\u00bb.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

Bertso <\/span>hori <\/span>\u00abArren <\/span>ez <\/span>bedi <\/span>galdu <\/span>euskera\u00bb <\/span>(1878) <\/span>lanari <\/span>dagokio.
\n<\/span>Nabar- mentzekoak <\/span>dira, <\/span>halaber,
\n<\/span>Aizkibel <\/span>euskaltzaleari <\/span>1856an
\n<\/span>eskainitako <\/span>ber- tsoak,
\n\u00ab\u00a1Biba Euskera!\u00bb izenburupean.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

<\/span>Lehen Gerran armada karlistako kide izanagatik ere, haren
\nobrak euskal- dunen arteko senidetasuna aldarrikatu eta Karlos VII.aren
\nBigarren Gerrako altxamendua kritikatu zuen: \u00abZuaz, Don Carlos zazpigarrena, \/
\nurrun bai gure lurretic; \/ ez dezu utzi guretzat pena \/ eta tristura
\nbesteric;\u2026\u00bb.<\/p>\n

Bertso<\/span> <\/span>hori<\/span> <\/span>\u00abJaungoikoa<\/span> <\/span>eta<\/span> <\/span>arbola\u00bb<\/span> <\/span>lanari<\/span> <\/span>dagokio<\/span> <\/span>(1877).\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

<\/span>Ordurako, Iparragirreren foruen aldeko diskurtsoa
\nerradikalizatu egin zen: \u00abArbola Santu amoriozcoa \/ Nolatan erori cer\u00e1 \/ Zu,
\neuscaldunen consuelua \/ Zori oneco argui-era? \/ Ba\u00f1a oraindic piztuco cera \/
\nEsperantzatan bai-guera \/ Orduan igo la\u00f1uetara \/ Macurtu gabe lurrera. \/ Viva
\ngure Arbola \/ Gora-bedi gora \/ Eta maite ez duena \/ Ez da Euscalduna\u00bb.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

Bertsoak<\/span> <\/span>\u00abBilbao<\/span>
\n<\/span>eta<\/span> <\/span>Fueruak<\/span> <\/span>pakearentzat\u00bb<\/span> <\/span>sortari<\/span> <\/span>dagozkio<\/span> <\/span>(Uruguai, <\/span>1876).<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Jose Maria Iparragirre 1820ko abuztuaren 12an jaio zen Urretxun. Bost urte zituela, Idiazabalera bidali zuten, osaba Jose Antonio Iparragirre eskola- maisuaren etxera eta harekin hasi zen ikasten. 1832an, latina ikasten hasi zen Gasteizko Campillo ikastetxean, mutikoaren familia hiri hartara joan baitzen bizitzera. Hurrengo urtean, Madrilgo San Isidro eskola jesuitan sartu zen. Ikasteari utzi zion, 1834ko […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"template":"","iv_nivel":[319],"class_list":["post-3221","iv_voz","type-iv_voz","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nIPARRAGIRRE BALERDI, Jose Maria (Jose Maria de Iparraguirre) (Urretxu, Gipuzkoa, 1820ko abuztuaren 12a \u2013 Ezkio, 1881eko apirilaren 6a). - Iura Vasconiae<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.iuravasconiae.eus\/eu\/voz\/iparragirre-balerdi-jose-maria-425-eu\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"IPARRAGIRRE BALERDI, Jose Maria (Jose Maria de Iparraguirre) (Urretxu, Gipuzkoa, 1820ko abuztuaren 12a \u2013 Ezkio, 1881eko apirilaren 6a). - Iura Vasconiae\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Jose Maria Iparragirre 1820ko abuztuaren 12an jaio zen Urretxun. Bost urte zituela, Idiazabalera bidali zuten, osaba Jose Antonio Iparragirre eskola- maisuaren etxera eta harekin hasi zen ikasten. 1832an, latina ikasten hasi zen Gasteizko Campillo ikastetxean, mutikoaren familia hiri hartara joan baitzen bizitzera. Hurrengo urtean, Madrilgo San Isidro eskola jesuitan sartu zen. 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