{"id":3213,"date":"2023-02-10T08:52:16","date_gmt":"2023-02-10T07:52:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.iuravasconiae.eus\/voz\/erro-azpiroz-juan-bautista-421-eu\/"},"modified":"2023-02-10T08:52:16","modified_gmt":"2023-02-10T07:52:16","slug":"erro-azpiroz-juan-bautista-421-eu","status":"publish","type":"iv_voz","link":"https:\/\/www.iuravasconiae.eus\/eu\/voz\/erro-azpiroz-juan-bautista-421-eu\/","title":{"rendered":"ERRO AZPIROZ, Juan Bautista (Juan Bautista Erro Azpirotz) (Andoain, Gipuzkoa, 1773ko uztailaren 12a – Baiona, Lapurdi, 1854ko urtarrilaren 5a)."},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

Aita<\/span> <\/span>pedagogo<\/span> <\/span>ospetsua<\/span> <\/span>izan<\/span> <\/span>zen,<\/span> <\/span>Iru\u00f1ean<\/span> <\/span>eta<\/span> <\/span>Bergarako<\/span> <\/span>Errege<\/span> <\/span>Mintegian <\/span>irakaslea<\/span> <\/span>aritua.<\/span> <\/span>Arrazoi<\/span> <\/span>hori<\/span> <\/span>tarteko,<\/span> <\/span>Juan<\/span> <\/span>Bautista<\/span> <\/span>Errok<\/span> <\/span>lehen<\/span> <\/span>prestakun<\/span>tza<\/span> <\/span>azken<\/span> <\/span>erakunde<\/span> <\/span>horretan<\/span> <\/span>jaso<\/span> <\/span>zuen.<\/span> <\/span>Labur<\/span> <\/span>bada<\/span> <\/span>ere,<\/span> <\/span>Guardia<\/span> <\/span>de<\/span> <\/span>Corpseko <\/span>kide<\/span> <\/span>izan<\/span> <\/span>zen.<\/span> <\/span>Maria<\/span> <\/span>del<\/span> <\/span>Carmen<\/span> <\/span>Constantinekin<\/span> <\/span>ezkondu<\/span> <\/span>zen<\/span> <\/span>1795ean<\/span> <\/span>eta<\/span> <\/span>bi <\/span>seme <\/span>izan <\/span>zituzten: <\/span>Mateo <\/span>eta <\/span>Juan <\/span>Evangelista.<\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

Haren <\/span>bizitzak
\n<\/span>bi <\/span>ardatz <\/span>izan <\/span>zituen: <\/span>batetik,
\n<\/span>ikasketa, <\/span>ikerketa <\/span>eta <\/span>kultura<\/span>
\n<\/span>eta,<\/span> <\/span>bestetik,<\/span> <\/span>politika<\/span> <\/span>eta<\/span> <\/span>administrazio<\/span> <\/span>publikoa.<\/span> <\/span>Horrela,<\/span> <\/span>hainbat<\/span> <\/span>aka<\/span>demiatan
\nizan zen partaide: Almadengo lurpeko Meatzaritza eta Geometriakoan (1791),
\nBartzelonako Letra Onak izenekoan (1820), Historiakoan (1820) <\/span>eta <\/span>Bartzelonako <\/span>Natur <\/span>Zientzia <\/span>eta <\/span>Arteetakoan <\/span>(1820).
\n<\/span>Sorian <\/span>bizi izan zen garaian,
\nNumantzian arkeologia-indusketak egin zituen. Horrez gain, <\/span>hiru <\/span>liburu <\/span>argitaratu <\/span>eta <\/span>ezin <\/span>konta <\/span>ahala <\/span>eskuizkribu <\/span>idatzi <\/span>zituen. Baina, <\/span>aldi <\/span>berean, <\/span>politikari <\/span>eta <\/span>funtzionario <\/span>jardun
\n<\/span>zuen <\/span>heinean, <\/span>deneta- riko<\/span> <\/span>karguak<\/span> <\/span>bete<\/span> <\/span>zituen:<\/span> <\/span>Soriako<\/span> <\/span>(1798)<\/span> <\/span>eta<\/span> <\/span>Mantxako<\/span> <\/span>(1807)<\/span> <\/span>errenten,<\/span> <\/span>pro<\/span>pioen <\/span>eta <\/span>arielen <\/span>zenbatzaile <\/span>nagusia; <\/span>Almadengo <\/span>Meategietako <\/span>Intendente Nagusia <\/span>(1802); <\/span>Andaluziako <\/span>eta <\/span>Mantxako <\/span>Defentsa
\n<\/span>Batzordeko <\/span>idazkaria eta
\nMantxako Batzordeko burua (1809); Gorteetako diputatua (1810); Soriako <\/span>eta <\/span>Madrilgo <\/span>intendentea <\/span>(1814); <\/span>Kataluniako <\/span>Armadako
\n<\/span>intendentea (1817); Andoaingo ohorezko alkatea (1818); Madrilgo eta
\nBartzelonako in- tendentea <\/span>(1820); <\/span>Estatuko
\n<\/span>eta <\/span>Ogasun <\/span>Bulegoko
\n<\/span>idazkaria <\/span>(1823) <\/span>eta <\/span>Estatu-kontseilaria.<\/span> <\/span>Don<\/span> <\/span>Karlos<\/span> <\/span>erregegaiak<\/span>
\nbere<\/span>
\n<\/span>gobernuko<\/span> <\/span>ministro<\/span> <\/span>unibertsala\u00a0<\/span><\/span>izendatu <\/span>zuen,
\n<\/span>1836an. <\/span>Kargu <\/span>horren
\n<\/span>betekizunean, <\/span>era <\/span>askotako
\n<\/span>kontuak izan zituen langai, hala nola administratiboak, diplomatikoak,
\nelizakoak, irakaskuntzakoak <\/span>eta <\/span>operazio
\n<\/span>militarrak <\/span>garatzekoak. <\/span>Azken <\/span>arlo <\/span>horretan datza Erroren porrotik handiena,
\nBilbo hartzeko temaren erantzulea izan baitzen, <\/span>1836ko <\/span>urrian. <\/span>Setioa,
\n<\/span>izan <\/span>ere, <\/span>erabateko
\n<\/span>porrota <\/span>izan <\/span>zen <\/span>eta, <\/span>ondorioz, Errok dimisioa eman behar izan
\nzuen.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

Erabateko
\njarrera absolutista izan zuen politikan; erregezalea, 1820ko hamarkadan,<\/span> <\/span>eta<\/span> <\/span>karlista,<\/span> <\/span>30eko<\/span> <\/span>urteetan.<\/span> <\/span>Horrek<\/span> <\/span>desterruak<\/span> <\/span>eta<\/span> <\/span>erbesteak
\n<\/span>eragin <\/span>zizkion <\/span>bata <\/span>bestearen <\/span>atzetik.
\n<\/span>Izan <\/span>ere, <\/span>Riegoren
\n<\/span>altxamenduarekin (1820), <\/span>Frantziara <\/span>ihesi
\n<\/span>joan <\/span>eta <\/span>1823ra
\n<\/span>arte <\/span>egon <\/span>zen. <\/span>Fernando <\/span>VII.ak,
\n<\/span>or- duan, <\/span>Ogasun <\/span>ministerioaren <\/span>ardura <\/span>eman <\/span>zion. <\/span>1825ean, <\/span>ordea, <\/span>Valladolidera <\/span>desterratu <\/span>zuten
\n<\/span>eta, <\/span>1830ean, <\/span>Sevillara. <\/span>Gero, <\/span>Sanlucar <\/span>de <\/span>Barramedera<\/span>
\n<\/span>eta,<\/span> <\/span>geroago,<\/span> <\/span>Cartagenara.<\/span> <\/span>Handik,<\/span> <\/span>1835ean,<\/span> <\/span>Gibraltarrera<\/span> <\/span>ihes<\/span> <\/span>egin<\/span> <\/span>eta,
\nhandik,<\/span> <\/span>Londresen<\/span>
\n<\/span>erbesteratu<\/span> <\/span>zen.<\/span> <\/span>1839an,<\/span> <\/span>gerra<\/span> <\/span>zibilaren<\/span> <\/span>eta<\/span> <\/span>Bergarako<\/span> <\/span>Hi- <\/span>tzarmenaren<\/span> <\/span>ondotik,<\/span> <\/span>Frantzia<\/span> <\/span>erbesteratu<\/span> <\/span>eta,<\/span> <\/span>lehenik,<\/span> <\/span>Bourgesen<\/span> <\/span>bizi<\/span> <\/span>izan
\nzen<\/span> <\/span>eta,<\/span> <\/span>gero,<\/span> <\/span>Montpellierren.<\/span> <\/span>Azkenik,<\/span> <\/span>Baionara<\/span> <\/span>joan<\/span> <\/span>eta<\/span> <\/span>hantxe<\/span> <\/span>hil<\/span> <\/span>zen.<\/span> <\/span>Haren jarrerari dagokionez, liberalen aurkako zapalketa gogorrenaren aldekoa <\/span>zen.<\/span> <\/span>Honatx<\/span> <\/span>gertakari<\/span>
\n<\/span>bat<\/span> <\/span>horren<\/span> <\/span>erakusgarri:<\/span> <\/span>1824ko<\/span> <\/span>urtarrilean,<\/span> <\/span>behin<\/span> <\/span>Fer<\/span>nando<\/span> <\/span>VII.a<\/span> <\/span>botere<\/span> <\/span>absolutura<\/span>
\n<\/span>itzulita,<\/span> <\/span>Hirurteko<\/span> <\/span>Liberalaren<\/span> <\/span>ondotik,<\/span> <\/span>garai-
\ntuei<\/span> <\/span>amnistia<\/span> <\/span>eman<\/span> <\/span>edo<\/span> <\/span>aritu<\/span> <\/span>ziren<\/span> <\/span>eztabaidan.<\/span> <\/span>Erregea<\/span> <\/span>ez<\/span> <\/span>zen<\/span> <\/span>ematearen<\/span> <\/span>oso
\naldekoa,<\/span> <\/span>baina<\/span> <\/span>nazioarteak<\/span> <\/span>\u2014Frantziak,<\/span> <\/span>batez<\/span> <\/span>ere\u2014<\/span> <\/span>presioa<\/span> <\/span>egiten<\/span> <\/span>zion<\/span> <\/span>adiskidetze-neurri<\/span> <\/span>hura<\/span> <\/span>hartzeko.<\/span>
\n<\/span>Are,<\/span> <\/span>liberala<\/span> <\/span>izateaz<\/span> <\/span>batere<\/span> <\/span>susmagarria<\/span> <\/span>ez<\/span> <\/span>zen
\nAlejandro<\/span> <\/span>tsarrak<\/span>
\n<\/span>berak<\/span> <\/span>ere<\/span> <\/span>gutuna<\/span> <\/span>bidali<\/span> <\/span>zion<\/span> <\/span>Fernando<\/span> <\/span>VII.ari<\/span> <\/span>amnistia<\/span> <\/span>berehalakoan<\/span> <\/span>eman<\/span> <\/span>zezan.<\/span> <\/span>Erregeak<\/span> <\/span>Estatu<\/span> <\/span>Kontseilua<\/span>
\n<\/span>bildu<\/span> <\/span>eta<\/span> <\/span>lau<\/span> <\/span>ministro\u00a0<\/span><\/span>\u00abmoderatu\u00bb <\/span>bakarrik
\n<\/span>agertu <\/span>ziren <\/span>amnistiaren <\/span>alde. <\/span>Gehienek, <\/span>ordea, <\/span>ezetz
\nesan<\/span>
\n<\/span>zuten.<\/span> <\/span>Bada,<\/span> <\/span>Erro,<\/span> <\/span>jakina,<\/span> <\/span>azken<\/span> <\/span>horien<\/span> <\/span>artean<\/span> <\/span>zegoen<\/span> <\/span>eta,<\/span> <\/span>gainera,<\/span> <\/span>amnistia<\/span> <\/span>ematearen<\/span> <\/span>ordez<\/span> <\/span>zapalketa<\/span>
\n<\/span>areagotzea<\/span> <\/span>proposatu<\/span> <\/span>zuen.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Euskarari dagokionez, hizkuntza aztertu eta XVIII. mendearen bukaerako
\neta XIX.aren hasierako euskaltzaleen belaunaldiarekin egon zen oso lotuta.
\nHorregatik, haietako biren artxiboak hartu zituen oinordetzan: Pablo Pedro de
\nAstarloarena 1806an eta Juan Antonio de Zamacolarena, 1826an. Alde as- kotatik
\nbegira, Erroren obra lehenbizikoaren zorduna da. Errok bere lehen liburua
\n1806an argitaratutakoan, Jose Antonio Condek gogor egin zion eraso, hala bere
\nizenarekin nola \u00abel cura de Mantuenga\u00bb izengoitiaren atzean ezkutaturik.
\nCondek Hizkuntzaren eta Historiaren Akademietako kidea gisa ospe handia bazuen
\nere, Erro ez zen kikildu eta beste bi libururen bidez erantzun zuen:
\nObservaciones filos\u00f3ficas\u2026 eta El mundo primitivo\u2026 Polemika hartan, biek
\njarrera muturrera eraman zuten, Astarloak mutur batetik, eta Errok, bestetik,
\nzentzugabekeria franko argudiatuta. Hori ez da oso harritzekoa, Erro ez baitzen
\nberez filologoa eta Condek, berriz, ez zekien euskaraz. Horrela, Errok esaten
\nzuen euskara Tubalen garaikoa zela, bai eta Adam eta Ebaren garaikoa ere.
\nCondek, berriz, esaten zuen euskara erromatarren etorreraren oso ondotik osatu
\nzela. Hala eta guztiz ere, Erroren obrak eta Conderekiko pole- mikak
\nnola-halako oihartzuna izan zuten nazioartean eta, horrela, Erroren Al- fabeto\u2026
\nlana ingelesera itzuli eta George William Erving-ek argitaratu zuen (Boston: I.
\nR. Butts, 1829). Eloi Johanneau-k, berriz, Erroren Alfabeto\u2026 lana\u00a0<\/span>frantsesez plazaratu zuen (Paris, 1808), Conderen kritikarekin batera.
\nErro, jakina, basko-iberista zen eta, haren esanetan, euskara \u00abEspainian
\nuniber- tsalki loratu zen, atzerriko nazioak etorri baino lehen\u00bb.<\/span><\/p>\n

Juan<\/span> <\/span>Bautista<\/span> <\/span>Erroren<\/span>
\n<\/span>iloba,<\/span> <\/span>hots,<\/span> <\/span>Fernanda<\/span>
\n<\/span>de<\/span> <\/span>Erro<\/span> <\/span>Ferrer,<\/span> <\/span>San<\/span> <\/span>Miguel de<\/span>
\n<\/span>Groxeko<\/span> <\/span>zortzigarren<\/span> <\/span>markesarekin<\/span> <\/span>ezkondu<\/span> <\/span>zen<\/span> <\/span>\u2014markesgo<\/span>
\n<\/span>hori<\/span> <\/span>Toro<\/span>koa<\/span> <\/span>da<\/span> <\/span>jatorriz<\/span>
\n<\/span>(Zamora)\u2014,<\/span> <\/span>eta<\/span> <\/span>aitonaren<\/span> <\/span>artxiboa<\/span> <\/span>hara<\/span> <\/span>eraman<\/span> <\/span>zuten,<\/span> <\/span>Errok <\/span>berak<\/span> <\/span>idatzitako<\/span>
\n<\/span>testu<\/span> <\/span>argitaragabeen<\/span> <\/span>eskuizkribuak<\/span> <\/span>eta<\/span> <\/span>familiaren<\/span> <\/span>gainerako
\npaperak<\/span> <\/span>barne,<\/span> <\/span>bai<\/span> <\/span>eta<\/span> <\/span>Astarloarengandik<\/span> <\/span>eta<\/span> <\/span>Zamakolarengandik<\/span> <\/span>jasotakoak
\n<\/span>ere. Gaur egun, agiriak Zamorako Artxibo Historiko Probintzialean daude <\/span>gordeak.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Aita pedagogo ospetsua izan zen, Iru\u00f1ean eta Bergarako Errege Mintegian irakaslea aritua. Arrazoi hori tarteko, Juan Bautista Errok lehen prestakuntza azken erakunde horretan jaso zuen. Labur bada ere, Guardia de Corpseko kide izan zen. Maria del Carmen Constantinekin ezkondu zen 1795ean eta bi seme izan zituzten: Mateo eta Juan Evangelista. Haren bizitzak bi ardatz izan […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"template":"","iv_nivel":[319],"class_list":["post-3213","iv_voz","type-iv_voz","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nERRO AZPIROZ, Juan Bautista (Juan Bautista Erro Azpirotz) (Andoain, Gipuzkoa, 1773ko uztailaren 12a - Baiona, Lapurdi, 1854ko urtarrilaren 5a). - Iura Vasconiae<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.iuravasconiae.eus\/eu\/voz\/erro-azpiroz-juan-bautista-421-eu\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"ERRO AZPIROZ, Juan Bautista (Juan Bautista Erro Azpirotz) (Andoain, Gipuzkoa, 1773ko uztailaren 12a - Baiona, Lapurdi, 1854ko urtarrilaren 5a). - Iura Vasconiae\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Aita pedagogo ospetsua izan zen, Iru\u00f1ean eta Bergarako Errege Mintegian irakaslea aritua. Arrazoi hori tarteko, Juan Bautista Errok lehen prestakuntza azken erakunde horretan jaso zuen. Labur bada ere, Guardia de Corpseko kide izan zen. Maria del Carmen Constantinekin ezkondu zen 1795ean eta bi seme izan zituzten: Mateo eta Juan Evangelista. 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