{"id":3145,"date":"2023-02-09T16:24:34","date_gmt":"2023-02-09T15:24:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.iuravasconiae.eus\/voz\/de-los-heros-de-las-barcenas-martin-387-eu\/"},"modified":"2023-02-09T16:24:34","modified_gmt":"2023-02-09T15:24:34","slug":"de-los-heros-de-las-barcenas-martin-387-eu","status":"publish","type":"iv_voz","link":"https:\/\/www.iuravasconiae.eus\/eu\/voz\/de-los-heros-de-las-barcenas-martin-387-eu\/","title":{"rendered":"DE LOS HEROS DE LAS BARCENAS, Martin (Martin Maria Pedro Jose Francisco de los Heros y de las Barcenas) (Manzaneda de la Sierra, Karrantza, Bizkaia, 1784ko azaroak 8 – Madril, 1859ko martxoak 14)."},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

Jatorriz,
\nXVIII. mendean merkataritzarekin ausarki aberasturiko taldeetatik
\nadministrazioko goi karguetara jauzi egin zutenetakoa, esan nahi baita, arma<\/span>dara<\/span> <\/span>eta<\/span> <\/span>tituludun<\/span> <\/span>nobleziara.<\/span> <\/span>Martin<\/span> <\/span>de<\/span> <\/span>los<\/span> <\/span>Herosek<\/span> <\/span>Balmasedan<\/span> <\/span>hasi<\/span> <\/span>zituen<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>lehen<\/span> <\/span>letra<\/span> <\/span>ikasketak,<\/span> <\/span>gerora,<\/span> <\/span>Madrilgo<\/span> <\/span>San<\/span> <\/span>Isidro<\/span> <\/span>institutuan<\/span> <\/span>Humanitateak
\n<\/span>ikasteko. <\/span>Euskal
\n<\/span>Herrira <\/span>itzuli <\/span>zenean,
\n<\/span>O\u00f1atiko <\/span>Unibertsitatean <\/span>eman <\/span>zuen
\nizena,<\/span> jurisprudentzia<\/span> ikasketak<\/span>
\nhasteko<\/span> asmoz,<\/span> baina<\/span> 1804.<\/span> urtean<\/span>
\nkanporatu <\/span>zuten,<\/span> <\/span>ikastetxeko<\/span> <\/span>arauak<\/span> <\/span>ez<\/span> <\/span>betetzeagatik.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

Urte berean, Gortean
\nezarritako zehar-ahaideen babesari esker, corps zaingoan <\/span>sartu <\/span>zen, <\/span>bere <\/span>senidea <\/span>zen <\/span>Juan <\/span>Francisco
\n<\/span>de <\/span>los <\/span>Heros, <\/span>Montarcoko <\/span>kondea,
\n<\/span>Gaztelako <\/span>Kontseiluko <\/span>gobernadore <\/span>zen <\/span>bitartean, <\/span>handik <\/span>gutxira, Manuel Godoyk bat-batean kargugabetu baitzuen. Aranjuezko ma- txinadan
\nparte hartu zuen, 1808ko martxoan, eta, hain zuzen ere, Godoy zaintzearen<\/span> <\/span>arduraduna<\/span> <\/span>izatea<\/span> <\/span>egokitu<\/span> <\/span>zitzaion.<\/span> <\/span>Napoleonen<\/span> <\/span>inbasioa<\/span> <\/span>gerta-
\ntzearekin<\/span> <\/span>batera,<\/span> <\/span>frantsesen<\/span>
\n<\/span>kontrako<\/span> <\/span>erresistentziako<\/span> <\/span>soldaduekin<\/span> <\/span>bat<\/span> <\/span>egin
\nzuen.<\/span> <\/span>Hainbat<\/span> <\/span>frontetan<\/span>
\n<\/span>aritu<\/span> <\/span>zen,<\/span> <\/span>bere<\/span> <\/span>Bizkaiko<\/span> <\/span>ondasunak<\/span> <\/span>erretzen<\/span> <\/span>zizkio<\/span>ten<\/span> <\/span>bitartean.<\/span> <\/span>Armadako<\/span> <\/span>ofizialtzan<\/span> <\/span>gora<\/span> <\/span>egitea<\/span> <\/span>lortu<\/span> <\/span>zuen,<\/span> <\/span>1811.<\/span> <\/span>urtean<\/span> <\/span>kapi- <\/span>tain izatea lortu zuen arte. Gerra bukatu zenean,
\nMadrilera joan zen, bere ibil<\/span>bide militarrarekin jarraitzeko.<\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

Iraultza<\/span> <\/span>liberalaren<\/span> <\/span>garaipenari<\/span> <\/span>esker,<\/span> <\/span>1820an,<\/span> <\/span>Itsasoz<\/span> <\/span>Haraindiko<\/span> <\/span>Gober<\/span>nazioko<\/span> <\/span>Idazkaritzako<\/span> <\/span>7.<\/span> <\/span>ofizial<\/span> <\/span>bihurtzea<\/span> <\/span>lortu<\/span> <\/span>zuen.<\/span> <\/span>Baina,<\/span> <\/span>Monarkia<\/span> <\/span>abso<\/span>lutua berriro ezarri
\nzenean, herrialdetik alde egin behar izan zuen, eta 1823tik <\/span>1834ra<\/span> <\/span>arteko<\/span> <\/span>urteak<\/span> <\/span>erbestean<\/span> <\/span>egin<\/span> <\/span>behar<\/span> <\/span>izan<\/span> <\/span>zituen.<\/span> <\/span>Zenbait<\/span> <\/span>herrialdetan
\n<\/span>ibili<\/span> <\/span>zen<\/span> <\/span>(Ingalaterra,<\/span> <\/span>Portugal,<\/span> <\/span>Frantzia),<\/span> <\/span>bizilekua<\/span> <\/span>Liejan<\/span> <\/span>ezarri<\/span> <\/span>arte,<\/span> <\/span>eta,<\/span> <\/span>bertan,<\/span> <\/span>zientzia<\/span> <\/span>eta<\/span> <\/span>industria<\/span> <\/span>alorrean<\/span> <\/span>egindako<\/span> <\/span>ikasketetan<\/span> <\/span>sakondu<\/span> <\/span>zuen,<\/span> <\/span>bate<\/span>tik,<\/span> <\/span>\u00abbere<\/span> <\/span>nekazaritza<\/span> <\/span>eta<\/span> <\/span>industria<\/span> <\/span>aberatsa\u00bb<\/span> <\/span>eta,<\/span> <\/span>bestetik,<\/span> <\/span>\u00aberrege<\/span> <\/span>liberal<\/span> <\/span>eta justu<\/span> <\/span>batek<\/span> <\/span>ematen<\/span> <\/span>zuen<\/span> <\/span>askatasun<\/span> <\/span>praktikoa\u00bb<\/span> <\/span>baliatuz.<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

Fernando<\/span> <\/span>VII.a<\/span> <\/span>hil<\/span> <\/span>zenean,<\/span> <\/span>Martin<\/span> <\/span>de<\/span> <\/span>los<\/span> <\/span>Herosek<\/span> <\/span>penintsulara<\/span> <\/span>itzultzeko <\/span>aukera <\/span>izan <\/span>zuen.
\n<\/span>Bizkaiko <\/span>Gorteetako <\/span>prokuradore <\/span>izendatu <\/span>zuten <\/span>(1835, 1836),<\/span> <\/span>eta<\/span> <\/span>1835ean,<\/span> <\/span>Mendizabalen<\/span> <\/span>agintepean,<\/span> <\/span>Barne<\/span> <\/span>Bulegoko<\/span> <\/span>Idazkaritzako
\n<\/span>idazkari<\/span> <\/span>(Gobernazio<\/span> <\/span>ministro).<\/span> <\/span>Liberal<\/span> <\/span>sutsua<\/span> <\/span>eta<\/span> <\/span>euskal<\/span> <\/span>aurrerakoien<\/span> <\/span>irudi <\/span>ospetsua izan zen. Ministerioan zuen postutik,
\nprentsaren hedadura liberali- <\/span>zatzeko<\/span> <\/span>neurriak<\/span> <\/span>bultzatu<\/span> <\/span>zituen,<\/span> <\/span>inprenta<\/span> <\/span>askatasunaren<\/span> <\/span>eta<\/span> <\/span>kutsu<\/span> <\/span>antiklerikala<\/span> <\/span>zuten<\/span> <\/span>bestelako<\/span>
\n<\/span>xedapenen<\/span> <\/span>alde<\/span> <\/span>egin<\/span> <\/span>zuen<\/span> <\/span>(monasterioak<\/span> <\/span>kentzea),<\/span> <\/span>eta
\nhorrek<\/span> <\/span>Elizaren<\/span> <\/span>aurka<\/span> <\/span>jarri<\/span> <\/span>zuen.<\/span> <\/span>Bestalde,<\/span>
\n<\/span>bere<\/span> <\/span>jakinmina<\/span> <\/span>eta<\/span> <\/span>atzerrian<\/span> <\/span>lor- <\/span>turiko <\/span>eskarmentua <\/span>zirela-eta, <\/span>zientziaren <\/span>eta <\/span>hezkuntzaren <\/span>garapenerako proiektu <\/span>ugari <\/span>sustatu <\/span>zituen:
\n<\/span>aplikazio <\/span>zientzietarako <\/span>ikastetxe
\n<\/span>bat, <\/span>lehen hezkuntza hobetzeko jarraibideak eta Elkarte
\nEkonomikoen estatutuak idaz<\/span>teko ordenamendu berria. Handik gutxira,
\nHistoriako Errege Akademiako ohorezko kide izendatu zuten.<\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

Moderatuek
\nboterea eskuratu zutenean, Martin de los Herosek bere minis<\/span>terio-karguak<\/span> <\/span>utzi<\/span> <\/span>behar<\/span> <\/span>izan<\/span> <\/span>zituen,<\/span> <\/span>baina<\/span> <\/span>Bizkaiko<\/span> <\/span>Gorteetako<\/span> <\/span>diputatu<\/span> <\/span>zen
\n<\/span>aldetik, <\/span>1836 <\/span>eta <\/span>1837 <\/span>artean <\/span>parlamentuko <\/span>egunerokoan <\/span>parte <\/span>hartzen
\n<\/span>jarraitu zuen. Postulatu liberalen
\nbaitan, kleroaren erreforma edota hauteskun- <\/span>deen<\/span> <\/span>lege<\/span> <\/span>irekiagoa<\/span>
\n<\/span>bezalako<\/span> <\/span>neurriak<\/span> <\/span>defendatzen<\/span> <\/span>jarraitu<\/span> <\/span>zuen,<\/span> <\/span>eta<\/span> <\/span>etengabe
\n<\/span>proposatu<\/span> <\/span>zituen<\/span> <\/span>nazio<\/span> <\/span>hezkuntza<\/span> <\/span>hobetzera<\/span> <\/span>begirako<\/span> <\/span>askotariko<\/span> <\/span>planak.<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

Esparteroren<\/span> <\/span>altxamenduak<\/span> <\/span>beste<\/span> <\/span>aukera<\/span> <\/span>bat<\/span> <\/span>eskaini<\/span> <\/span>zion.<\/span> <\/span>Liburutegi<\/span> <\/span>Na<\/span>zionaleko<\/span> <\/span>zuzendari<\/span> <\/span>izendatu<\/span> <\/span>zuten<\/span> <\/span>(1849),<\/span> <\/span>eta,<\/span> <\/span>handik<\/span> <\/span>hilabete<\/span> <\/span>batzuetara,<\/span>1841.ean,<\/span> <\/span>Errege-etxeko<\/span> <\/span>eta<\/span> <\/span>ondarearen<\/span> <\/span>kudeatzaile<\/span> <\/span>intendente.<\/span> <\/span>Bere<\/span> <\/span>egiteko <\/span>nagusia, <\/span>kontularia <\/span>baitzen, <\/span>errege-gastuak <\/span>kudeatzea
\n<\/span>zen, <\/span>eta <\/span>ororen <\/span>berri
\neman<\/span>
\n<\/span>behar<\/span> <\/span>zion<\/span> <\/span>Agustin<\/span> <\/span>Arguellesi,<\/span> <\/span>Isabel<\/span> <\/span>II.a<\/span> <\/span>erreginaren<\/span> <\/span>tutoreari.<\/span> <\/span>Esparteroren<\/span> <\/span>ezbeharrak<\/span>
\n<\/span>hasi<\/span> <\/span>zirenean,<\/span> <\/span>kargua<\/span> <\/span>utzi<\/span> <\/span>zuen.<\/span> <\/span>Goi<\/span> <\/span>mailako<\/span> <\/span>karguetatik
\nurrutiraturik,<\/span> <\/span>Hamarkada<\/span>
\n<\/span>Moderatuan<\/span> <\/span>(1843-1854)<\/span> <\/span>politika<\/span> <\/span>utzi<\/span> <\/span>zuen,<\/span> <\/span>Biurteko<\/span> <\/span>Progresista<\/span> <\/span>arte<\/span> <\/span>(1854-1856).<\/span> <\/span>Berriro<\/span> <\/span>ere<\/span> <\/span>errege<\/span> <\/span>ondarearen<\/span> <\/span>intendente
\n<\/span>(1854)<\/span> <\/span>eta<\/span> <\/span>Burgosko<\/span> <\/span>probintziako<\/span> <\/span>Gorteetako<\/span> <\/span>diputatu<\/span> <\/span>(1854)<\/span> <\/span>izendatu<\/span> <\/span>zuten.
\n<\/span>1859. <\/span>urtean <\/span>hil <\/span>zen, <\/span>eta <\/span>ordura <\/span>arte <\/span>1812ko <\/span>Konstituzioaren <\/span>aldeko <\/span>grinari eutsi
\nzion.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

Lehenaldiaren<\/span> <\/span>azterketari<\/span> <\/span>eskainitako<\/span> <\/span>zenbait<\/span> <\/span>obra<\/span> <\/span>idatzi<\/span> <\/span>zituen,<\/span> <\/span>besteak <\/span>beste, bukatu gabe utzi zuen Diccionario de hombres ilustres de las
\nEncartaciones<\/i>, eta Historia <\/span>del <\/span>Conde <\/span>Pedro <\/span>Navarro,
\n<\/span>General <\/span>de <\/span>Infanter\u00eda, <\/span>Marina <\/span>e <\/span>Ingenieros<\/span><\/i>,<\/span> <\/span>1854an<\/span> <\/span>Madrilen<\/span>
\n<\/span>editatu<\/span> <\/span>zena,<\/span> <\/span>beste<\/span> <\/span>zenbait<\/span> <\/span>lan<\/span> <\/span>laburragorekin<\/span> <\/span>batera.
\n<\/span>Bere <\/span>obra <\/span>guztiagatik, <\/span>Historiaren <\/span>Errege <\/span>Akademiako <\/span>kide <\/span>izendatu <\/span>zuten. Horrez <\/span>gain, <\/span>atzerriko <\/span>elkarte
\n<\/span>zientifiko <\/span>eta <\/span>literario <\/span>askoren <\/span>berriemaile <\/span>eta bazkide izan zen.<\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Jatorriz, XVIII. mendean merkataritzarekin ausarki aberasturiko taldeetatik administrazioko goi karguetara jauzi egin zutenetakoa, esan nahi baita, armadara eta tituludun nobleziara. Martin de los Herosek Balmasedan hasi zituen\u00a0lehen letra ikasketak, gerora, Madrilgo San Isidro institutuan Humanitateak ikasteko. Euskal Herrira itzuli zenean, O\u00f1atiko Unibertsitatean eman zuen izena, jurisprudentzia ikasketak hasteko asmoz, baina 1804. urtean kanporatu zuten, ikastetxeko […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"template":"","iv_nivel":[317],"class_list":["post-3145","iv_voz","type-iv_voz","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nDE LOS HEROS DE LAS BARCENAS, Martin (Martin Maria Pedro Jose Francisco de los Heros y de las Barcenas) (Manzaneda de la Sierra, Karrantza, Bizkaia, 1784ko azaroak 8 - Madril, 1859ko martxoak 14). - Iura Vasconiae<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.iuravasconiae.eus\/eu\/voz\/de-los-heros-de-las-barcenas-martin-387-eu\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"DE LOS HEROS DE LAS BARCENAS, Martin (Martin Maria Pedro Jose Francisco de los Heros y de las Barcenas) (Manzaneda de la Sierra, Karrantza, Bizkaia, 1784ko azaroak 8 - Madril, 1859ko martxoak 14). - Iura Vasconiae\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Jatorriz, XVIII. mendean merkataritzarekin ausarki aberasturiko taldeetatik administrazioko goi karguetara jauzi egin zutenetakoa, esan nahi baita, armadara eta tituludun nobleziara. Martin de los Herosek Balmasedan hasi zituen\u00a0lehen letra ikasketak, gerora, Madrilgo San Isidro institutuan Humanitateak ikasteko. Euskal Herrira itzuli zenean, O\u00f1atiko Unibertsitatean eman zuen izena, jurisprudentzia ikasketak hasteko asmoz, baina 1804. urtean kanporatu zuten, ikastetxeko […]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.iuravasconiae.eus\/eu\/voz\/de-los-heros-de-las-barcenas-martin-387-eu\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Iura Vasconiae\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.iuravasconiae.eus\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/logo_iuravasconiae.png\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"188\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"83\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"3 minutua\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.iuravasconiae.eus\\\/eu\\\/voz\\\/de-los-heros-de-las-barcenas-martin-387-eu\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.iuravasconiae.eus\\\/eu\\\/voz\\\/de-los-heros-de-las-barcenas-martin-387-eu\\\/\",\"name\":\"DE LOS HEROS DE LAS BARCENAS, Martin (Martin Maria Pedro Jose Francisco de los Heros y de las Barcenas) (Manzaneda de la Sierra, Karrantza, Bizkaia, 1784ko azaroak 8 - Madril, 1859ko martxoak 14). - Iura Vasconiae\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.iuravasconiae.eus\\\/eu\\\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2023-02-09T15:24:34+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.iuravasconiae.eus\\\/eu\\\/voz\\\/de-los-heros-de-las-barcenas-martin-387-eu\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"eu\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.iuravasconiae.eus\\\/eu\\\/voz\\\/de-los-heros-de-las-barcenas-martin-387-eu\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.iuravasconiae.eus\\\/eu\\\/voz\\\/de-los-heros-de-las-barcenas-martin-387-eu\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Hasiera\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.iuravasconiae.eus\\\/eu\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"DE LOS HEROS DE LAS BARCENAS, Martin (Martin Maria Pedro Jose Francisco de los Heros y de las Barcenas) (Manzaneda de la Sierra, Karrantza, Bizkaia, 1784ko azaroak 8 – Madril, 1859ko martxoak 14).\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.iuravasconiae.eus\\\/eu\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.iuravasconiae.eus\\\/eu\\\/\",\"name\":\"Iura Vasconiae\",\"description\":\"Fundaci\u00f3n dedicada al estudio y difusi\u00f3n del Derecho hist\u00f3rico, foral y auton\u00f3mico de Vasconia. 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Martin de los Herosek Balmasedan hasi zituen\u00a0lehen letra ikasketak, gerora, Madrilgo San Isidro institutuan Humanitateak ikasteko. Euskal Herrira itzuli zenean, O\u00f1atiko Unibertsitatean eman zuen izena, jurisprudentzia ikasketak hasteko asmoz, baina 1804. urtean kanporatu zuten, ikastetxeko […]","og_url":"https:\/\/www.iuravasconiae.eus\/eu\/voz\/de-los-heros-de-las-barcenas-martin-387-eu\/","og_site_name":"Iura Vasconiae","og_image":[{"width":188,"height":83,"url":"https:\/\/www.iuravasconiae.eus\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/logo_iuravasconiae.png","type":"image\/png"}],"twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Est. reading time":"3 minutua"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/www.iuravasconiae.eus\/eu\/voz\/de-los-heros-de-las-barcenas-martin-387-eu\/","url":"https:\/\/www.iuravasconiae.eus\/eu\/voz\/de-los-heros-de-las-barcenas-martin-387-eu\/","name":"DE LOS HEROS DE LAS BARCENAS, Martin (Martin Maria Pedro Jose Francisco de los Heros y de las Barcenas) (Manzaneda de la Sierra, Karrantza, Bizkaia, 1784ko azaroak 8 - Madril, 1859ko martxoak 14). - Iura Vasconiae","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.iuravasconiae.eus\/eu\/#website"},"datePublished":"2023-02-09T15:24:34+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.iuravasconiae.eus\/eu\/voz\/de-los-heros-de-las-barcenas-martin-387-eu\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"eu","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/www.iuravasconiae.eus\/eu\/voz\/de-los-heros-de-las-barcenas-martin-387-eu\/"]}]},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/www.iuravasconiae.eus\/eu\/voz\/de-los-heros-de-las-barcenas-martin-387-eu\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Hasiera","item":"https:\/\/www.iuravasconiae.eus\/eu\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"DE LOS HEROS DE LAS BARCENAS, Martin (Martin Maria Pedro Jose Francisco de los Heros y de las Barcenas) (Manzaneda de la Sierra, Karrantza, Bizkaia, 1784ko azaroak 8 – Madril, 1859ko martxoak 14)."}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/www.iuravasconiae.eus\/eu\/#website","url":"https:\/\/www.iuravasconiae.eus\/eu\/","name":"Iura Vasconiae","description":"Fundaci\u00f3n dedicada al estudio y difusi\u00f3n del Derecho hist\u00f3rico, foral y auton\u00f3mico de Vasconia. 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