{"id":3121,"date":"2020-04-23T16:58:13","date_gmt":"2020-04-23T14:58:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.iuravasconiae.eus\/voz\/hobbes-thomas-374-eu\/"},"modified":"2020-04-23T16:58:13","modified_gmt":"2020-04-23T14:58:13","slug":"hobbes-thomas-374-eu","status":"publish","type":"iv_voz","link":"https:\/\/www.iuravasconiae.eus\/eu\/voz\/hobbes-thomas-374-eu\/","title":{"rendered":"HOBBES, Thomas (Westport, Ingalaterra, 1588 &#8211; Derbyshire, Ingalaterra, 1679)."},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span>Thomas Hobbes historian gehien eragin duten filosofoetako<br \/>\nbat izan zen. Estatuari buruzko teoria politiko bat adierazi zuen <span>Leviathan<\/span> lanean (Londres, 1651), eta, hor, estatu<br \/>\nmodernoaren oinarriak garatu zituen, <span>polis<\/span><br \/>\naristotelikoaren teoria klasikoaren kritika eginez. Hobbesen ideiek eragin<br \/>\nhandia izan zuten absolutismoari eta gizarte-kontratuari buruzko ideiak<br \/>\ngauzatzeko. <span>Leviathan<\/span> Ingalaterran argitaratu zen,<br \/>\nerreforma protestantearen sorlekuetako batean, alegia, erlijio-gerren gatazkak<br \/>\noraindik konpontzeke zeuden historiako une batean. Hori dela-eta, Hobbesek<br \/>\nerreforma protestanteari eta Erromarekiko harremanari buruz teorizatu zuen.<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Ingeles filosofoak Nafarroako errege-erregina<br \/>\ntronugabetuei buruzko aipamen bat idatzi zuen <span>Leviathan<\/span><br \/>\nlanaren 42.\u00a0kapituluan: \u00abAita santuak (horretarako eskubidea duela onartuz<br \/>\ngero) printzeak eta estatuak kendu ahal izango ditu, arimen salbaziorako den<br \/>\nguztietan; hau da, berak nahi duen guztietan, epaitzeko boterea beretzat eta<br \/>\nberetzat bakarrik aldarrikatzen baitu, gizakumeen arimen salbaziorako izan ala<br \/>\nez. [&#8230;] Izan ere, Laterango laugarren Kontzilioak, Inozentzio\u00a0III.a aita<br \/>\nsantua buru zela bildu zenak, kanon hauxe du <i>De Haereticis<\/i>eko hirugarren<br \/>\nkapituluan: <i>Erregeren batek, Aita Santuak ohartarazi ondoren, bere erresuma<br \/>\nheretikorik gabe garbi uzten ez badu, eta, horregatik eskumikatua bada,<br \/>\nurtebeteko epean agindutakoa betetzen ez badu, haren menekoak hari obeditzetik<br \/>\naske geratuko dira.<\/i> Eta hainbat alditan ikusi da arau hori praktikan<br \/>\njartzen; esate baterako, Txilperiko Frantziako erregea kendu zutenean,<br \/>\nErromatar Inperioa Karlomagnori transferitu zitzaionean, Ingalaterrako Joan<br \/>\nerregearen zapalkuntzaren garaian, Nafarroako erreinuaren transferentzian, eta,<br \/>\noraintsuko aldian, Frantziako Henrike\u00a0III.aren kontrako Ligan, eta beste<br \/>\nkasu askotan\u00bb.<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Nafarroaren konkistari buruzko erreferentzia laburra da,<br \/>\neta, hor, aita santuak heresiaz akusatu eta eskumikuz zigortutako<br \/>\nerrege-erreginen adibide moduan ageri da konkista. Testuan aipatzen ez bada<br \/>\nere, Joan eta Katalina Albret errege-erreginen eskumikuaz ari da. Julio II.a<br \/>\naita santuak eskumikatu zituen 1512an, bulden bidez (<span>Pastor<br \/>\nille caelestis<\/span> eta <span>Exigit contumacium<\/span>),<br \/>\nFrantziako errege zismatiko Luis\u202fXII.a babesteaz akusatuta. Bulda horiek<br \/>\nbaliatu zituen Fernando <i>Katolikoak<\/i> Nafarroaren konkista justifikatzeko.<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Thomas Hobbes historian gehien eragin duten filosofoetako bat izan zen. Estatuari buruzko teoria politiko bat adierazi zuen Leviathan lanean (Londres, 1651), eta, hor, estatu modernoaren oinarriak garatu zituen, polis aristotelikoaren teoria klasikoaren kritika eginez. Hobbesen ideiek eragin handia izan zuten absolutismoari eta gizarte-kontratuari buruzko ideiak gauzatzeko. Leviathan Ingalaterran argitaratu zen, erreforma protestantearen sorlekuetako batean, alegia, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"template":"","iv_nivel":[309],"class_list":["post-3121","iv_voz","type-iv_voz","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>HOBBES, Thomas (Westport, Ingalaterra, 1588 - Derbyshire, Ingalaterra, 1679). - Iura Vasconiae<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.iuravasconiae.eus\/eu\/voz\/hobbes-thomas-374-eu\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"HOBBES, Thomas (Westport, Ingalaterra, 1588 - Derbyshire, Ingalaterra, 1679). - Iura Vasconiae\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Thomas Hobbes historian gehien eragin duten filosofoetako bat izan zen. 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