{"id":2534,"date":"2019-12-11T09:37:39","date_gmt":"2019-12-11T08:37:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.iuravasconiae.eus\/voz\/ravennatis-anonymi-cosmographia-81-eu\/"},"modified":"2019-12-11T09:37:39","modified_gmt":"2019-12-11T08:37:39","slug":"ravennatis-anonymi-cosmographia-81-eu","status":"publish","type":"iv_voz","link":"https:\/\/www.iuravasconiae.eus\/eu\/voz\/ravennatis-anonymi-cosmographia-81-eu\/","title":{"rendered":"RAVENNATIS ANONYMI COSMOGRAPHIA (Ravenate) (VII.\u202fmendea)."},"content":{"rendered":"

Ravennatis
\nanonymi Cosmographia, <\/span><\/span>edo <\/span>Ravenate<\/span><\/span>, xiii<\/span>.\u202fmendean idatzitako eskuizkribu baten bidez iritsi
\nda gurera, baina badakigu Ravenan jaiotako edo han bizi zen egile ezezagun
\nbatek idatzi zuela vii<\/span>.\u202fmendearen bigarren erdian.
\nGarai hartan, hiri hori bizantziarren mende zegoen. Egileak zenbait mende
\nlehenago idatzitako obretatik ateratako informazioa erabiltzen du, eta zenbait
\nakats, nahaste eta hutsune daude testuan, eta, horregatik, zailtasun nabarmenak
\nsortzen dira testua interpretatzean. Baliteke <\/span>Ravenate<\/span><\/span>a iii<\/span>.\u202fmendeko dokumentu batean
\noinarrituta egotea, geroagoko lan batzuekin eguneratu eta osatu zena.
\nBatzuetan, egile ezezagunak bere iturriak aipatzen ditu, baina adierazten
\ndituen egileetako asko ezezagunak dira guretzat, eta susmatzen da egile
\nhorietako batzuk asmatuak direla. Egileak <\/span>Tabula
\nPeutingeriana<\/span><\/span> obrarako erabilitako iturri bera
\nerabili zuela pentsatzen da. Lan horretan Iberiar penintsulari eta
\nNovenpopulaniaren zati handi bati dagokion atala galduta dago.<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Azaldu behar
\nduenari buruzko berrikusketa txiki bat egin ondoren, <\/span>Ravenate <\/span><\/span>obrako kosmografoa
\nezagutzen den mundua deskribatzen saiatzen da: Asiatik hasten da (II.\u202fliburua),
\nAfrikarekin jarraitzen du (III.\u202fliburua), eta, hurrengo liburuetan, Europa
\naztertzen du. Galiako hego-mendebaldearen deskribapenean, sarritan aipatzen du
\nErromatar Behe Inperioaren garaiko Novenpopulania probintzia \u2014egileak <\/span>Spanie Vasconia <\/span><\/span>edo <\/span>Spanoguasconia <\/span><\/span>deitzen du\u2014
\neta bi Akitaniak \u2014batera adierazten ditu, <\/span>Vasconia
\n<\/span><\/span>edo <\/span>Guasconia<\/span><\/span> terminoa erabiliz (1.3; 4.40)\u2014. Egileak, esan dugun bezala, <\/span>Guasconia<\/span><\/span> edo <\/span>Vasconia<\/span><\/span> eskualdea Loira eta
\nGarona ibaien arteko lurraldean kokatzen du \u2014<\/span>que
\nantiquitus Aquitania dicebatur<\/span><\/span>\u2014, eta horko
\nhiri garrantzitsuenak banan-banan aipatzen ditu, bai eta lurraldea zeharkatzen
\nduten ibaiak ere. Gero, <\/span>Spanoguasconia<\/span><\/span> deskribatzen du, Pirinioetarantz doan lurraldea. Egileak, huts
\neginez, <\/span>Spanoguasconia<\/span><\/span>ko hiru alde mendiz inguratuta daudela eta laugarrena itsasoak
\nbustitzen duela dio. Pasarte berean, eskualdeko <\/span>civitates
\n<\/span><\/span>nagusiak aipatzen dira (<\/span>Lacura, <\/span><\/span>Lactora; <\/span>Autis, <\/span><\/span>Auski; <\/span>Censeramus, <\/span><\/span>Saint-Lizier; <\/span>Combinias<\/span><\/span>,
\nSaint-Bertrand-de-Comminges; <\/span>Bigorrias,
\n<\/span><\/span>Bigorra; <\/span>Elusa,
\n<\/span><\/span>Eauze eta <\/span>Vasatis<\/span><\/span>, Vasats) identifikatzeko zailak diren beste batzuekin batera (<\/span>Landinorum<\/span><\/span>,<\/span> Aguisla<\/span><\/span>,<\/span> Vestianum<\/span><\/span>,<\/span> Sacer<\/span><\/span> eta<\/span> Sacerons<\/span><\/span>). Testuko hutsune
\nbaten ondorioz, ez dakizkigu eskualdea zeharkatzen zuten ibaien izenak, <\/span>Medulla <\/span><\/span>hidronimoa (4.41)
\nsoilik iritsi baita gurera.<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Hispaniari dagokionez, kosmografoak
\nadierazten du zortzi probintziatan banatuta zegoela: <\/span>Calletia, Asturia, Austrigonia, Iberia, Lysitania, Betica,
\nHispalis <\/span><\/span>eta <\/span>Aurariola
\n<\/span><\/span>(4.42). Hurrengo pasarteetan, egileak ez dio
\nordena zehatz bati jarraitzen Iberiar penintsula deskribatzeko. Azalpenaren
\nhasieran, itsasotik gertuko hiri nagusiak aipatzen ditu, hala nola <\/span>Ossaron<\/span><\/span> (erromatarren <\/span>Oiasso<\/span><\/span>; Irun, Gipuzkoa), eta,
\ngero, beste hiri garrantzitsuago batzuekin lehorreko bideen bidez lotuta dauden
\nhiriak aipatzen ditu labur. Hala, <\/span>Caesaraugusta<\/span><\/span>rako bidean dauden hirietatik, <\/span>Turiasson
\n<\/span><\/span>(Tarazona, Zaragoza), <\/span>Seglam <\/span><\/span>(agian, erromatarren <\/span>Segia, <\/span><\/span>Zaragozako Ejea de los
\nCaballeros udalerrian), <\/span>Carta <\/span><\/span>(agian, <\/span>Cara, <\/span><\/span>Santakaran, Nafarroa), <\/span>Iturisa
\n<\/span><\/span>(Aurizberri, Nafarroa), <\/span>Terracha <\/span><\/span>(Pliniok aipatutako <\/span>Tarraca <\/span><\/span>izan daiteke) eta <\/span>Pompelone <\/span><\/span>(Iru\u00f1ea) aipatzen
\nditu. Era berean, <\/span>Gracuse<\/span><\/span>rantz (Alfaro, Errioxa) doazenetatik, <\/span>Beldalin<\/span><\/span>, <\/span>Erguti <\/span><\/span>(agian, Ptolomeoren <\/span>Ergavica<\/span><\/span>) eta <\/span>Beturri
\n<\/span><\/span>(4.43; agian, beste iturri batzuetan ageri den
\n<\/span>Bituris<\/span><\/span>)
\naipatzen ditu. Geroago, adierazten du kostaldeko <\/span>Ossaroncivitas<\/span><\/span>era doan bideak, besteak beste, honako leku hauek zeharkatzen
\ndituela: <\/span>Alantune <\/span><\/span>(Itza Zendea?, Nafarroa)<\/span>,
\nAlba <\/span><\/span>(Durruma, Araba), <\/span>Seustatio <\/span><\/span>(Arkaia, Araba), <\/span>Belegia <\/span><\/span>(Iru\u00f1a-Veleia,
\nAraba), <\/span>Sosobriga, Antequia <\/span><\/span>eta<\/span> Briviesca<\/span><\/span> (4.45).<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Ravenate <\/span><\/span>lan paregabea da bere garairako, baina tentu handiz erabili behar
\nda, anakronismo asko izan ditzake-eta, garai desberdinetako iturriak erabili
\nzirelako. Hori dela eta, uste da kosmografoaren obrak ez duela lanaren azken
\nidazketaren garaiko benetako egoera jasotzen. Toponimo eta hidronimo asko galdu
\negin dira, eta zailtasunak daude beste asko identifikatzeko, egileak oso
\nargibide geografiko gutxi ematen baititu. Hispaniako zortzi probintzien
\nzerrendari dagokionez, baliteke kosmografoak berak asmatua izatea, baina
\nposible da, halaber, berregite anakroniko bat izatea, garai desberdinetako
\niturriak erabiliz egindakoa.<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ravennatis anonymi Cosmographia, edo Ravenate, xiii.\u202fmendean idatzitako eskuizkribu baten bidez iritsi da gurera, baina badakigu Ravenan jaiotako edo han bizi zen egile ezezagun batek idatzi zuela vii.\u202fmendearen bigarren erdian. Garai hartan, hiri hori bizantziarren mende zegoen. Egileak zenbait mende lehenago idatzitako obretatik ateratako informazioa erabiltzen du, eta zenbait akats, nahaste eta hutsune daude testuan, eta, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"template":"","iv_nivel":[241],"class_list":["post-2534","iv_voz","type-iv_voz","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nRAVENNATIS ANONYMI COSMOGRAPHIA (Ravenate) (VII.\u202fmendea). - Iura Vasconiae<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.iuravasconiae.eus\/eu\/voz\/ravennatis-anonymi-cosmographia-81-eu\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"RAVENNATIS ANONYMI COSMOGRAPHIA (Ravenate) (VII.\u202fmendea). - Iura Vasconiae\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Ravennatis anonymi Cosmographia, edo Ravenate, xiii.\u202fmendean idatzitako eskuizkribu baten bidez iritsi da gurera, baina badakigu Ravenan jaiotako edo han bizi zen egile ezezagun batek idatzi zuela vii.\u202fmendearen bigarren erdian. 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